Lessons Learned from Scoring Student Writing

Once upon a time, I was responsible for the hand-scoring of student writing on statewide exams. Which meant ensuring that each student’s writing sample was scored against a criteria set by the state. Here’s what I learned.

Lesson 1

“What is happiness, and how can it be achieved?” Sounds like the perfect writing prompt, doesn’t it? Imagine thousands of students waxing poetic. But what if one of those students is too smart for his own good?

I present to you his response in its entirety, having remembered it across the years: Happiness is a sunny day. Happiness is a shade tree. Happiness is a girl. Happiness can be achieved on a sunny day, under a shade tree with a girl.

The first reader gave it a 1, the lowest possible score, because she thought it was smart-alecky. The second reader gave it a 4, the highest score. The third reader, required when scores needed adjudication, broke into laughter. It was a 4. The student met the prompt’s requirements and did so cleverly. But was the response what was anticipated? No. I’ve always thought it was better, surprising and breezy.

Lesson: No matter the theme of a book, or how well it’s written, readers apply a scale based on their own expectations. That means, some like reader 1, expecting a cozy, for instance, will gasp if a book isn’t cozy enough, let’s say sex happens with the bedroom door open. And some, like reader 2, will be captivated if the same scene is done well and is delightful. Depending on their reaction, they’ll either read your next book or not. If I could train all readers (reviewers) on any scale where one is low, I would urge them to consider that very, very few published writers, due to the process itself, deserve a score of 1, which, in a holistic assessment, translates to disgustingly poorly written. Abysmal comes to mind.

Lesson 2

To accommodate a religious group, a state changed its writing prompt from “What would you do without TV for a year?” to “What would you do without friends for a year?” An available alternate prompt asked, “What was the most important invention of the last hundred years, and why?”

In response to the first prompt, “no TV or no friends,” many students wrote that if they had to spend a year without friends, they would go to the hayloft to watch TV. Sort of like the organ in the attic in “Friendly Persuasion,” though a different sect.

On the other hand, readers mocked responses to the second prompt when rural students chose electricity because the toilet wouldn’t flush without it. The choice made no sense to city readers, whose toilets flushed no matter.

Lesson: Readers do not share a common background. They may not know that those on well water need electricity to flush the toilet. Some may be aghast, rather than charmed, to discover the subterfuge of watching TV in the barn, when a religion forbids TV. Which means don’t assume what your readers know. Show, right?

Lesson 3

During training, readers often noted that many students struggled with their responses, knowing their writing would be scored by strangers.

Lesson: I suspect we have all stalled or stopped writing a book, not because it wasn’t working, but because of fear. Especially when we step outside our zone – writing a first standalone rather than the next book in a series, writing historical fiction rather than a detective or procedural, and … (fill in the blanks). If you believe in your story, finish it. Who knows? It might be a super 4 and blast you into a new market of adoring fans. You’ll never know if you don’t try, just as hundreds of thousands of students didn’t.

Lesson 4

Developing writing prompts? Good luck to authors who spend weeks crafting a prompt for an AI engine that will then write their book. They will soon discover the product requires weeks of editing (or rewriting) to ensure the book’s quality, preserve their voice and vision for their characters, and meet their readers’ expectations, etc., or so my experience with the vagaries of prompt writing tells me. No matter how well sculpted the prompt, there will always be surprises.

And, so, remember, happiness can be achieved on a sunny day, under a shade tree with a:

  1. Girl
  2. Boy
  3. Dog
  4. Cat
  5. Other

Find me at https://dzchurch.com where you can discover my books and sign up for my newsletter.

INSPIRATIONAL MOUNTAIN

I’m so sorry I missed my turn in January, but I was a tad bit distracted!

Randy and I spent the last week of 2025 in Arizona, a trip he surprised me with on Christmas Eve. He’s been wanting to buy a place in Arizona for our future retirement … you know, someday!

I haven’t been keen on the idea of moving to Arizona since I love living in Oregon. I love rainy days and early nights, which I see as reasons to write. And I can’t imagine living somewhere without the four seasons. With each season, I’m reminded that change is a good thing.

My husband, on the other hand, hates the rain. He complains about every season except summer and talks incessantly about living somewhere warm in winter. Hence, my Christmas present to Mesa, Arizona.

Even though I had no intention of relocating to Arizona, I convinced myself that it would be nice to get away and relax after the holiday season bustle. Of course, this meant I’d have to endure Randy’s enthusiasm for looking at homes to buy, so I asked God for patience.

We arrived late on Christmas Eve night, ending up at the local Denny’s for a less-than-delicious dinner before arriving at the place we’d rented and falling asleep. The next morning, I frowned at the Keurig (I’ll never understand brewing a cup at a time) and made a cup of coffee.

Since I was up before Randy, who likes to sleep in, I thought maybe I’d find a Christmas movie to watch. Remote in hand, I settled on the couch and began channel surfing. The morning sky was beginning to lighten, and I thought we’d left the porch light on. I crossed the small living room, opened the door, and was greeted by the rising sun.

Every morning, I got up early so I could watch the sun come up. I spent all my free time outside at a patio table, writing and smiling.

Randy had researched and planned several excursions, including one to a nearby lake. As we wound our way out of town, our route took us by a beautiful sight … Superstition Mountains.

My writer’s brain kicked into overdrive, and by the time we’d visited the lake, stopped for lunch, and began our journey back to Mesa, I had a heroine, a cover, and a mystery plot.

Let me introduce Sapphire Stone, cousin to Wyatt, Derrick, and Blake Stone from my Stoneybrook Mystery Series. Sapphire, much to her mother’s dismay, is a Private Investigator who also moonlights as a security guard at a cannabis store. Most of her jobs involve following cheating spouses or uncovering insurance fraud. But when she discovers a body in a vehicle crushed by large boulders in a section of the Superstition Mountains, she finds herself a step behind a cunning killer.

I was over the moon to have a new storyline to imagine and build. New characters to create. A new town and state to learn about. And those mountains … oh, the stories that lie hidden in the history of the towering red rock peaks always reaching for the sky.

I’m not sure what came over me, but I’m guessing the bright sunshine sparked my imagination. All of a sudden, I found myself embracing the idea of living in Arizona. After all, we didn’t plan to move away from Oregon entirely. We’d still have our small house in Donald. And we would spend summers at our small cabin on the Siletz River outside of Lincoln City, so I could enjoy the ocean I adore.

I’ve always wanted to live in México, the reasons are many, but as I’m sure you all know, the country is undergoing major changes. I long for the country I first visited thirty-five years ago.

While I still plan to visit the places I love, I no longer feel it is safe to live in México, a realization that has been heavy on my heart.

I believe God gave me more than patience. Everything about Mesa seemed to soften my heart and weaken my resolve. We looked at a few mobile homes in fifty-five-and-over parks, but none met our needs. For me, this was a relief. Even though I was enjoying our trip, I still wasn’t sure I wanted to live in Arizona.

But the minute we walked into the last place on our list, I knew we’d found the perfect home. It was a newer model and had the right layout. The best part, though, was a covered patio area where I could see myself working on a novel.

As I said at the beginning, I was a bit distracted in January because of all the work required to close on our new home in Mesa, Arizona. While we won’t be moving anytime soon, we are planning a ten-day visit in May.

When I write a book, I have to remember to let my characters tell me the story, rather than move them like chess pieces. Advice I should apply to my life, too. When I stopped trying to be “Master of the Universe,” I was blessed with a new home, a happy husband, and a new mystery series to write!

Happy Writing, Ladies ~

That Story Idea in Pictures

Each writer has a different way of getting started on the next book. Some prepare a story board, others keep pages of notes, some make an outline. I see a group of people moving around doing whatever it is they’re doing, which isn’t always clear in the beginning but I know it will be soon enough. Because location is especially important to me, I pull out photographs I’ve taken of the general location I’m focusing on. They aren’t usually of a specific place I have in mind for the plot, though they can be, but more of a way to get my brain thinking about what I’ve seen there, how people move through the space. Right now, that means India.

My current work in progress is an Anita Ray story, most of which usually takes place in the coastal resort of Kovalam, just south of the state capital Trivandrum. Even though such a story might begin in Hotel Delite, Auntie Meena’s business where Anita lives and helps out, the plot may take Anita away from the water and into a nearby city or inland village. She might go to Chalai, the main bazaar in the city, or to Connemara Market, where I often went to take pictures of fish or vegetables. (I love markets.)

In this mystery novel, Anita travels into the hills with a group of tourists staying at the hotel. They’ve heard about a particularly interesting chapel and want to visit. So, off they go. This gave me a chance to pull out images of the twisting roads rising up the Western Ghats, with homes built right along the verge and bougainvillea or other vines tumbling over trellises and brushed by a passing lorry. 

While I was sorting through images I came across one of groves of rubber trees. The hills can be a surprise to some foreigners who expect all of South India to be a jungle, huge climbing vines, thick bush, and bright flowers the size of basketballs. They don’t expect a small forest of deciduous trees.

Mature rubber trees look like saplings but they’re mature enough to produce the sap that is the basis for rubber, and farmers capture it the same way we capture sap for maple syrup. I lay the photograph out on my desk alongside two or three others, and let my thoughts drift. I needed a murder scene the reader could grasp in hindsight but nothing obvious, and this needed to be away from Hotel Delite and Kovalam. The rubber tree grove gave me plenty to work with.

With important scenes taking shape near the rubber plantation and a tea shop, I had some important questions resolved and now needed only a Catholic chapel, so I rummaged around and found a photograph of one set among the trees. It was the right size for what I had in mind, and its location gave me plenty of scope for the specific activities I was toying with.

It’s exciting at this point to look at the photographs arrayed in front of me and see more fully the progress of the story. The characters are there, they’re spreading out among the trees and the buildings, and their voices punctuate the sound of feet shuffling through leaves and forest debris. I can see them and follow them, and when I do their behavior begins to fill the plot. My story idea, initially vague, takes shape.

Tick Tock Says The Clock

We are well into 2026. How are you doing with those writing goals? Are you racing against time like me? Trying to get your word count every day. Wanting to keep the goals you made on January 1st?

Every year, I have the same goals. Write at least two books, lose twenty pounds, exercise more, don’t spend so much time on social media, and be more focused on my goals. I feel like I’m slowly making progress, but it’s very slow.

I like to wake up in the morning, grab a cup of coffee and write. When I have other things I have to do instead, it throws off my whole day. I try and make it back to writing, but that doesn’t always happen.

Life is busy. There are so many calls on my time, and I ask myself every year, how do I say no to things that I don’t need to do so I can concentrate on writing. You know how it is, on Monday you look at the week ahead and think, I have lots of time to write this week. Then things begin to steal that time away. Your best friend wants to meet for lunch or someone needs  you to do things for them. The kids need you. The bills need to be paid. You have to shop for groceries. The list goes on and on.

I’ve known writers who say they never go out to lunch when they are writing a book. They wait until the book is finished and then take a few days to catch up with friends before they dive into the next writing project.  I personally don’t think I could do this. I don’t want to live in a vacuum where all I do is write. I want to find a way to have it all!

Others say they shut off their phones or shut down social media while they’re writing. I think this might help me. There is no reason I need to check social media every few minutes. I don’t even need to check it every hour.

I decided to go online and see if I could find good time management goals for writers and there were a lot of them. I borrowed a few ideas.

Create a To-Do List

I love making lists. There is so much satisfaction in checking off those tasks, so this one really appealed to me. Put everything on your list because everything sucks up our time. And maybe if it’s there you can find a way of doing it faster to free up more time for writing!

Set Boundaries

I have a tough time with this one. I’m a people pleaser, so if someone needs me to help them or needs something done, I tend to put aside my schedule to help them out. I need to work on this one.

Avoid the shiny objects syndrome

That made me laugh, but it’s important to stay focused on your current project and avoid getting sidetracked by a new one.

There are apps that block distracting websites. If you need to, use them. I don’t know how many cute clothes I’ve bought because an ad popped up for one of my favorite websites and I just had to stop what I was doing a buy a sweater or dress.

Avoid procrastination

I know I’m a procrastinator, so I need to figure out how to work around that. Common reasons for procrastination are fear of failure, perfectionism, and feeling overwhelmed.

Set realistic goals. 

Don’t think you’re going to write 50,000 words in one day. Make your goals attainable. I read somewhere that Stephan King writes 2,000 a day. If that’s what works for you, that’s great. Just try and do it every day.

Use specific times for different tasks.

I like to write first thing in the morning, and work on social media posts and marketing in the afternoon or evening. Sometimes I make the mistake of skipping writing for marketing. I’ve found that marketing can suck up a lot of my time. I need to be strict with myself and make sure I keep to my schedule. One way to do that is to jot down notes when something sparks an idea while I’m writing, then I can do that later during writing task time.

I’m easily distracted, so self-discipline is very important for me.

And one of the most important things is to not guilt yourself if you don’t get your writing goals done. I liked this quote I found online: Scheduling is there to serve you. You are not in service to scheduling.

Time management is an important tool in our writer’s toolbox. My goal for 2026 is to use it wisely.

All the news that’s fit to print

By donalee Moulton

            Writers are always looking to get the word out about their latest book. Readers are always looking for information about their favorite authors and looking to discover new favorites. Media plays a key role in getting information into everyone’s hands.

Newsworthy: Media Relations Without The Spin

            As a freelance journalist and a communications director, I’ve spent a lot of time trying to figure out how to make stories appealing to reporters. Now I find myself doing the same thing as a mystery writer. In part, that’s why a friend and I wrote Newsworthy: Media Relations Without the Spin (Business Expert Press). I thought I’d share some of what we discuss with you.

We talk about news as if it’s one thing. Did you hear the news? According to the news …. It was in the news. News isn’t one thing. It’s many things. In particular, it is two things: hard and soft.

Hard news is often what draws us in and keeps us reading, listening, and watching. You’ll find it on the front page, at the start of a newscast, and at the top of the hour. Hard news is big news: controversy and crisis. It is immediate, and it is important. It’s often called “breaking news.”

Soft news does not send us scrambling. It is the intersection between information and entertainment. It is not usually immediate—you can learn about the signs of stroke or how to make an easy apple pie without apples at any point in time—and it is increasingly about personalities, famous and otherwise.

Many companies have carved a niche in the soft news market. Dove, for example, is known for its “Real Beauty” campaign, which uses social media and other media platforms to promote body positivity and self-acceptance, going beyond traditional product marketing. Airbnb, Inc., uses social media and its blog to share stories about travel, local culture, and the experiences its platform facilitates, reinforcing its brand values and creating a sense of community.

To understand the distinction between hard and soft news, take a look at these headlines: 

Hard news:
20% Increase in Leafy Green Consumption Among Teens

Soft news:
Why Spinach Smoothies Are Suddenly Cool — Even for Picky Eaters

Hard news:
School Board Introduces Weight Limits for Student Backpacks

Soft news:
The Weirdest Things Teachers Have Found in Student Backpacks

Topics and timeliness are only two of the features that serve to classify news as hard or soft. How the story is told also differs. Hard news almost invariably starts up front with the “headline” then provides the details to flesh out the headline. Soft news has more options; it can be more creative and more flexible in its structure and content.

Kinda like a good mystery.